Literature on road sector reform

Title	Description / Abstract
Institutional & Management Structures for Roads, Knowledge Base of the World Bank	This knowledge base deals with the way institutional responsibilities are assigned for managing different parts of the road network and how each part of the network is managed. Areas covered under institutional responsibility include establishing the legal status of roads and the assignment of responsibility for designated and undesignated roads. Under management arrangements, areas of discussion include restructuring existing road agencies, centralizing management of small road networks, contracting out planning and management of roads, and dealing with undesignated roads.
Public-Private Options for Developing, Operating, and Maintaining Highways: A Toolkit for Policymakers. World Bank	The toolkit provides hands-on advice for creating an analytical framework that would support local policymakers in assessing different contracting, regulatory, and funding options for engaging the private sector in road development, operation, and maintenance.
Managing a Highway Network in the 20th Century Environment, Dr. Robin Dunlop, General Manager, Transit New Zealand. Paper prepared for the 14th IRF World Congress in Paris, 2001.	Before deciding on the direction of road management in the 21^st century, the role of the roads in the land use context needs to be determined. Based on the changing technology of vehicle propulsion and the use of new technology to manage the safety of vehicles on the road, a whole new era in improved travel is about to unfold. \The traditional public service way of managing roads is unlikely to deliver customer-focused efficient infrastructure based on environmental and societal opinion. This paper sets out some key components that need to be addressed in managing highways in the future, and then describes very briefly a New Zealand proposal. It raises the issues of managed integration of transport modes vs. the commercial approach of free competition by mode.
Adam Smith and the Principles of a Sustainable Road Policy, Historical Roots of the Road Management Initiative (RMI), edited by Gerhard Metschies, Paper prepared for the14th IRF World Congress in Paris, 2001.	The paper compares modern principles of financing and organization of the Road Sector with Adam Smith’s suggestions for restructuring the Public Works Sector in his book “Wealth of Nations, Third Edition”, from 1784.
Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, Ian G. Heggie, Piers Vickers, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, 1998	The paper makes the case for sound policies for managing and financing road networks. The new concept is commercialization: bring roads into the marketplace, put them on a fee-for-service-basis, and manage them like a business.
Roads - A new Approach for Road Network Management and Conservation, Andreas Schliessler and Alberto Bull, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago de Chile, June 1993.	The book describes the neglect of road maintenance in Latin America and the Caribbean and points out the economic consequence to the national economies in the region. It identifies the reasons for such neglect and outlines a concept of how to reform the existing funding and management of road maintenance. Some of these key components are the transfer of road management from a “government ministry environment” to a “company environment”, the self-financing of road maintenance, its separation from short-term policies, and the increased participation of road users.
Road Deterioration in Developing Countries: Causes and Remedies, World Bank Policy Paper, 1988	Between the 1960s and the 1980s, developing countries have lost precious infrastructure worth billions of dollars through the deterioration of their roads. Large road networks, built at great expense, have been under-maintained and more heavily used and abused than expected. The cost of restoring these deteriorated roads is three to five times greater than the bill would have been for timely and effective maintenance - and restoration is only part of the cost. Vehicle operating costs rapidly outpace the costs of road repair as the condition of roads passes from good to fair to poor. Together, these avoidable costs are going to form a formidable obstacle to further economic development. This study attempts to estimate the physical and financial magnitude of the deterioration and to identify remedial measures appropriate to the circumstances of different countries. It also tries to determine the principal causes of road deterioration and the reasons the problem has become so widespread. The study describes some of the options and presents an institutional framework for implementing road maintenance strategies in developing countries. It provides an estimate of the resources needed to remedy the situation and suggests ways to use these resources efficiently. The recommendations are addressed to the developing countries, the lending and donor agencies, and the development community at large, including the World Bank.